The State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, managed by the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, was approved and accepted by the Ministry of Science and Technology respectively in 2011 and 2013, and was evaluated as "excellent laboratory" by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2015. In 2024, the laboratory officially receiving approval for its entity construction.

The laboratory was founded in 1983 with an initial focus on atom and molecule studies. The “two bombs and one satellite” hero, Daheng Wang, was the first chair of the academic advisory board. The laboratory soon became a key laboratory of the Ministry of Education, and its research was expanded to atomic and molecular physics and nanoscience. In 2007, the laboratory changed its name to The Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics.

As a fundamental research laboratory, our focus is primarily on advancing the frontiers of quantum physics and quantum information in low-dimensional quantum systems. We are also dedicated to addressing the significant national strategic needs in the field of quantum science and technology. The research activities in the laboratory are organized into six groups, including: low-dimensional superconductors and the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity, the detection and manipulation of non-equilibrium states in low-dimensional quantum systems, the theoretical design and precise fabrication of low-dimensional quantum materials, quantum precision measurement based on low-dimensional systems, quantum simulation and quantum computation based on low-dimensional systems, and the application of information devices in low-dimensional quantum systems.

The current director of the laboratory is Professor Kaili Jiang and the academic advisory board director is academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences Xianhui Chen. Currently there are 68 members of the laboratory, including 4 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 individuals selected for various national talent programs, and 27 individuals recognized in national youth talent projects.

The laboratory has currently established and developed several world-class research platforms, including: "Precision Quantum Transport", "Precision Optical Measurement", "Scanning Tunneling Microscope", "Materials Growth and Micro-fabrication", "Theoretical and Numerical Simulation Center", and "Superconducting Technology R&D Center". The laboratory is equipped with over 150 pieces/sets of instruments, with a total value of approximately 103 million RMB, including the electron-beam lithography system (EBL), ultra-low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (ULT-STM), low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM), dual frequency etching system, transmission electron microscope (TEM), low-temperature superconducting vacuum microscope, chemical vapor deposition system (CVD), semi-automatic nanoimprint lithography system, sputtering system, high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement system, and ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscope (UHR-SEM).